Who was the head of both civil and military affairs in Maratha adminis

1.	Who was the head of both civil and military affairs in Maratha administration?1. Dabir2. Peshwa3. Surnis4. Pandit Rao
Answer» Correct Answer - Option 2 : Peshwa Shivaji (1627-1680) Administration was influenced by Deccani states administrative system as well as Mughal administrative structure. His prime aim was to protect his subjects from oppression and tyranny and bring prosperity and happiness. All power vested in the hands of Shivaji. He could appoint, promote, demote or and terminate any officials of the state. In 1674 Shivaji ascended to the crown at Raigarh and assumed the title of Chhatrapati and Hindu va Dharamodharak. To run the administrative affairs there was a council of state ministers known as Ashtpradhan(eight ministers) and each minister was responding to the ruler. The minister could give their advice on various issues but Shivaji was not bound to it. Eight ministers(Ashtpradhan) - (i) Peshwa(Prime Minister) – He supervised both civil and military affairs. (ii) Majumdar(Auditor) – He was then in charge of the income and expenditure of the state. (iii) Waqia Navis – He was then in charge of intelligence and household affairs. (iv) Surunavis(Superintend) – He looked after the affairs of royal correspondence. (v) Senapati(Sar-i-Naubat) – He was the head of the army. (vi) Dabir – The duty of Dabir was to organise official ceremonies and also helped the king in dealing with foreign affairs. (vii) Nyaya Dhish – He pronounced justice. (viii)Pandit Rao – He was in charge of charitable grants. Except Pandit Rao and Nyaya Dhish each minister had to perform military services when state required. Each minister was assisted by eight assistants: diwan, majumdar, fadnis, sabnis, kharkhanis, chitins, jamadar and potnis.

Who was the head of both civil and military affairs in Maratha administration?1. Dabir2. Peshwa3. Surnis4. Pandit Rao

Answer» Correct Answer - Option 2 : Peshwa
Shivaji (1627-1680) Administration was influenced by Deccani states administrative system as well as Mughal administrative structure. His prime aim was to protect his subjects from oppression and tyranny and bring prosperity and happiness. All power vested in the hands of Shivaji. He could
appoint, promote, demote or and terminate any officials of the state.

In 1674 Shivaji ascended to the crown at Raigarh and assumed the title of Chhatrapati and Hindu va Dharamodharak.
To run the administrative affairs there was a council of state ministers known as Ashtpradhan(eight ministers) and each minister was responding to the ruler. The minister could give their advice on various issues but Shivaji was not bound to it.
Eight ministers(Ashtpradhan) -

(i) Peshwa(Prime Minister) – He supervised both civil and military affairs.
(ii) Majumdar(Auditor) – He was then in charge of the income and expenditure of the state.
(iii) Waqia Navis – He was then in charge of intelligence and household affairs.
(iv) Surunavis(Superintend) – He looked after the affairs of royal correspondence.
(v) Senapati(Sar-i-Naubat) – He was the head of the army.
(vi) Dabir – The duty of Dabir was to organise official ceremonies and also helped the king in dealing with foreign affairs.
(vii) Nyaya Dhish – He pronounced justice.
(viii)Pandit Rao – He was in charge of charitable grants.

Except Pandit Rao and Nyaya Dhish each minister had to perform military services when state required.
Each minister was assisted by eight assistants: diwan, majumdar, fadnis, sabnis, kharkhanis, chitins, jamadar and potnis.

Who was the head of both civil and military affairs in Maratha administration?1. Dabir2. Peshwa3. Surnis4. Pandit Rao

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