The northern plain of India is formed by three river systems, i.e The GANGA, The INDUS and the BRAHMAPUTRA along with their tributaries.

Features of the Northern PLAINS:

1.Bhabar:

• It is the long narrow plain along the foothills.
• It is pebble studded zone of POROUS beds.
• It is 8-16km wide.
• Streams are lost in this region due to porous rocks.
• It is unsuitable for agriculture.

2.Terai:

• Terai is a broad long ozone south of the bhabar plain.
• It is a MARSHY damp area covered with thick forests.
• It is 20-30km wide.
• Many streams are emerged here from the Bhabar area.
• It is suitable for agriculture.

3.Khadar:

• Khadar refers to new alluvium or new soil.
• It contains fine soil particles.
• These are renewed every year and hence are very fertile and is ideal for intensive agriculture.
• It is light in color.

4.Bhangar:

• Bhangar refers to old alluvium or old soil.
• It contains coarse soil particles.
• A LARGE part of northern plains are made up of these type of soil and hence is very fertile.
• Bhangar soil is dark in color.

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