1.

Which defences help to prevent pathogens reaching the alveoli when breathing in

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Answer:

mucus layer

The mucus layer traps pathogens (potentially infectious microorganisms) and other particles, PREVENTING them from reaching the LUNGS. Cilia BEAT more than 1,000 TIMES a minute, moving the mucus that lines the trachea UPWARDS about 0.5 to 1 centimeter per minute (0.197 to 0.4 inch per minute).



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