8]Brahman is a key concept found in theVedas, and it is extensively discussed in the earlyUpanishads.[9]The Vedas conceptualize Brahman as the Cosmic Principle.[10]In the Upanishads, it has been variously described asSat-cit-ānanda(truth-consciousness-bliss)[11][12]and as the unchanging, permanent, highest reality.[13][14][note 1][note 2]

Brahman is discussed in Hindu texts with the concept ofAtman(Self),[9][17]personal,[note 3]impersonal[note 4]orPara Brahman,[note 5]or in various combinations of these qualities depending on the philosophical school.[18]Indualisticschools of Hinduism such as the theisticDvaita Vedanta, Brahman is different from Atman (soul) in each being.[5][19][20]Innon-dualschools such as theAdvaita Vedanta, Brahman is identical to the Atman, is everywhere and inside each living being,

Brahman is aVedic Sanskritword, and it is conceptualized in Hinduism, statesPaul Deussen, as the "creative principle which lies realized in the whole world".[