1.

What is transformation? Explain any two methods of introduction of recombinant DNA in to host organism.

Answer»

Transformation is the process by which plasmid or DNA can be introduced into a cell. 

1. Gene gun or particle gun or Biolistics method 

It is a popular and widely used direct gene transfer method for delivering foreign genes into any cells and tissues or even intact seedlings. 

  • The foreign DNA is coated or precipitated onto the surface of minute gold or tungsten particles (1-3 pm). 
  • It is bombarded or shot onto the target tissue or cells using the gene gun or micro projectile gun or shot gun.with a device much like a particle gun. Hence the term biolistics 
  • The bombarded cells or tissues are cultured on selection medium to regenerate plants from the transformed cells. 

2. Micro injection 

In this technique a solution of DNA is directly injected in to the host nucleus using a fine micro capillary pipette or micro syringe, under a phase contrast microscope to aid vision.


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