What is inert pair effects?

1.	What is inert pair effects?
Answer» Inert pair effect- The reluctance of s-electron pair to take part in bond formation is known as the inert pair effect. There are many heavier P-block elements. like Sn, Pb in addition to their group G (oxidation state), also exhibit lower oxidation states equal to (G-2). Group number G is obtained when all the ns and np electrons from ns² configuration of P-block elements (x = 1, 2, 3, & 4 for the elements of group IIIA, IVA, VA and VIA respectively) are lost, while the lower oxidation state equal to (G-2) is obtained when only np-electrons are lost and the ns-electron pair, due to its extra stability, it remains inert, i.e. it is not lost, such a pair of ns-electrons is called inert pair and the effect caused by it known as inert pair effect.

Answer»

Inert pair effect-

The reluctance of s-electron pair to take part in bond formation is known as the inert pair effect. There are many heavier P-block elements. like Sn, Pb in addition to their group G (oxidation state), also exhibit lower oxidation states equal to (G-2). Group number G is obtained when all the ns and np electrons from ns² configuration of P-block elements (x = 1, 2, 3, & 4 for the elements of group IIIA, IVA, VA and VIA respectively) are lost, while the lower oxidation state equal to (G-2) is obtained when only np-electrons are lost and the ns-electron pair, due to its extra stability, it remains inert, i.e. it is not lost, such a pair of ns-electrons is called inert pair and the effect caused by it known as inert pair effect.

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