1.

What is data independence? Explain the difference between physical and logical data independence.

Answer»

Data Independence – It is the ability to modify the scheme definition in one level without affecting the scheme definition at the next higher level. 

(a) Physical Data Independence – It is the ability to modify the physical scheme without causing application programs to be rewritten. 

(b) Logical Data Independence – It is the ability to modify the logical scheme without causing application programs to be rewritten.



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