1.

What is cancer? Differentiate between benign tumour and malignant tumour. The main five types of cancer

Answer»

I. Cancer : Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell division due to disturbed cell cycle.

II. Difference between benign tumour and malignant tumour:

Benign tumourmalignant tumour
1. Benign tumour is localized and it does not spread to neighbouring areas.1. Malignant tumour starts as local but spreads rapidly to neighbouring areas.
2. Benign tumour is enclosed in connective tissue sheath.2. Malignant tumour is not enclosed in connective tissue sheath.
3. Benign tumour compresses the surrounding normal tissue3. Malignant tumour invades and destroys the surrounding tissue.
4. Benign tumours can be removed surgically.4. Malignant tumours need further treatment after removal.
5. Except for brain tumour, benign tumours are usually not fatal.5. Malignant tumours are fatal.
6. Benign tumours do not show metastasis.6. Malignant tumours show
7. Benign tumours are well differentiated.7. Malignant tumours are poorly differentiated.
8. Benign tumours show slow and progressive growth.8. Malignant tumours show rapid and erratic growth

III. The main five types of cancer:

Types of Cancer : According to the tissue affected, the cancers are classified into five main types. These are as follows:

1. Carcinoma : Cancer of epithelial tissue covering or lining the body organs is known as carcinoma. E.g. breast cancer, lung cancer, cancer of stomach, skin cancer, etc. 

2. Sarcoma : Cancer of connective tissue is called sarcoma. Following are the types of sarcoma osteosarcoma (bone cancer), myosarcoma (muscle cancer), chondrosarcoma (cancer of cartilage) and liposarcoma (cancer of adipose tissue). 

3. Lymphoma : Cancer of lymphatic tissue is called lymphoma. Lymphatic nodes, spleen and tissues of immune system are affected due to lymphoma. 

4. Leukaemia : Leukaemia is blood cancer. In this condition, excessive formation of leucocytes take place in the bone marrow. There are millions of abnormal immature leucocytes which cannot fight infections. Monocytic leukaemia,lymphoblastic leukaemia, etc. are the types of leukaemia. 

5. Adenocarcinoma : Cancer of glandular tissues such as thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, etc. is called adenocarcinoma.


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