Heiun – Tsang was a Buddhist Chinese traveller who visited India during Harsha’s reign. He came to India with the objective of seeing Buddhist holy places and to study Buddhist treatiss. 

He gave the following description about India.

1. Contemporary society was divided into Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra Varnas (castes). The first three castes were affluent. They paid more attention to cleanliness and lifestyle. Shudras were engaged in agriculture and service.

2. The land was fertile and people were prosperous. Gold and silver coins and cowrie shells were generally used as currency. India had trade relations with China, Central Asia, and the west.

3. The main objective of the religious life was obtaining enlightenment. The king and the subjects were tolerant of all religions. Idol worship was prevalant in all regions.

4. The administrative system was based on welfare and benevolent principles. Crimes were few.

5. Education was provided through Viharas and Gurukuls. Vedas were recited orally and the Brahmi script was prevalent.