MOD: Modulo is a constant or numeric VARIABLE, the function returns the reminder after numeric value divided by modulo.

INT: It returns the integer portion of a numeric value truncating the decimal portion.

PAD: it pads each record with blanks so that all DATA lines have the same length. It is used in the INFILE statement. It is useful only when missing data OCCURS at the end of the record.

CATX: concatenate character STRINGS, removes leading and trailing blanks and INSERTS separators.

SCAN: it returns a specified word from a character value. Scan function assigns a length of 200 to each target variable.

SUBSTR: extracts a sub string and replaces character values.Extraction of a substring:
Middleinitial=substr(middlename,1,1); Replacing character values: substr (phone,1,3)=’433’; If SUBSTR function is on the left side of a statement, the function replaces the contents of the character variable.

TRIM: trims the trailing blanks from the character values.

SCAN vs. SUBSTR: SCAN extracts words within a value that is marked by delimiters. SUBSTR extracts a portion of the value by stating the specific location. It is best used when we know the exact position of the sub string to extract from a character value.

MOD: Modulo is a constant or numeric variable, the function returns the reminder after numeric value divided by modulo.

INT: It returns the integer portion of a numeric value truncating the decimal portion.

PAD: it pads each record with blanks so that all data lines have the same length. It is used in the INFILE statement. It is useful only when missing data occurs at the end of the record.

CATX: concatenate character strings, removes leading and trailing blanks and inserts separators.

SCAN: it returns a specified word from a character value. Scan function assigns a length of 200 to each target variable.

SUBSTR: extracts a sub string and replaces character values.Extraction of a substring:
Middleinitial=substr(middlename,1,1); Replacing character values: substr (phone,1,3)=’433’; If SUBSTR function is on the left side of a statement, the function replaces the contents of the character variable.

TRIM: trims the trailing blanks from the character values.

SCAN vs. SUBSTR: SCAN extracts words within a value that is marked by delimiters. SUBSTR extracts a portion of the value by stating the specific location. It is best used when we know the exact position of the sub string to extract from a character value.