What are the various factors due to which the ionization enthalpy of

1.	What are the various factors due to which the ionization enthalpy of the main group elements tends to decrease down a group?
Answer» The various factors due to which the ionization enthalpy of the main group elements tends to decrease down a group are: (i) As we go down in a group, the nuclear charge increases. (ii) As we go down in a group the atomic size increases due to the addition of a new shell at each element. (iii) As we go down in a group, the number of inner electrons increases. This decreases the shielding effect on the outer electrons. The combined effect of the increase in atomic size and the shielding effect is more than the effect of the increase of the nuclear charge. These effects act in such a way that the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron decreases. As a result the ionization enthalpy, decreases as we go down the group.

What are the various factors due to which the ionization enthalpy of the main group elements tends to decrease down a group?

Answer»

The various factors due to which the ionization enthalpy of the main group elements tends to decrease down a group are:

(i) As we go down in a group, the nuclear charge increases.

(ii) As we go down in a group the atomic size increases due to the addition of a new shell at each element.

(iii) As we go down in a group, the number of inner electrons increases. This decreases the shielding effect on the outer electrons.

The combined effect of the increase in atomic size and the shielding effect is more than the effect of the increase of the nuclear charge. These effects act in such a way that the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron decreases. As a result the ionization enthalpy, decreases as we go down the group.

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