The Romans were stupendous builders. Temples, Theatres, fine Public Buildings, Baths, and homes were built in large numbers. Pompey’s Theatre (55 BCE) was a magnificent structure. Augustus erected the Imperial Palace on the Palatine, one of the seven Hills of Rome. Vespasian built the Coliseum, where gladiatorial contests were held. Probably the most famous and best-preserved of Roman buildings is the Pantheon. It was originally built during the time of Augustus and it was fully rebuilt during the time of Hadrian. Justinian Church of Saint Sophia at Constantinople is still regarded as the most magnificent building of its kind in the near east. Romans were the inventors of concrete. They also introduced two architectural improvements.

1. Arches 

2. Cupolas or Domes. 

An efficient water distribution system and well paved and durable roads are examples of Roman engineering. Roads were primarily built for the movement of armies and for trade with distant parts of the world. So complete was Rome’s system of roads, linking all parts of the Empire, that there is a saying that ‘All roads lead to Rome’. Frontinus wrote a pioneering work on engineering.

Romans developed their sculptures on Greek models. Buildings were decorated with Sculptures and Bas Reliefs. Most of the Sculptures depicted Emperors, placed in-City squares as symbols of their authority and power. The Unknown Roman is the best-known example of their. sculpture. Most of the Roman paintings have disappeared. The best of the surviving murals are found in Pompeii. The art of painting was revived through Christian influence in Church Frescoes in the later period.