Answer» Correct Answer - Option 2 : Swadeshi
The Swadeshi movement was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism. - The movement, begun in 1906 by Indian nationals opposed to the Partition of Bengal, was one of the most successful movements against British rule.
- Swadeshi was a focus of Mahatma Gandhi, who described it as the soul of swaraj (self-rule).
- It was the most significant movement in Bengal and was known as the Vande Mataram movement in Andhra Pradesh.
- The movement ended in 1911.
- The government's decision to partition Bengal was made in December 1903.
- The official reason was that Bengal, with a population of 78 million, was too large to be administered; the real reason, however, was that it was the centre of the revolt, and company officials could not control the protests which they thought would spread throughout India.
- Bengal was divided by language and religion: the western half would be primarily Hindu, and the eastern half would be primarily Muslim.
- This divide-and-conquer strategy sparked the Swadeshi movement.
Hence, the correct answer is Swadeshi.
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