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The heel effect: a. Is due to attenuation of electrons in the target material b. Is greater on the cathode side of the X-ray field c. Is more pronounced at small anode angles d. Is more noticeable at high peak kV (kVp) e. Results in higher mean energy spectrum of the beam on the anode side compared to the cathode side |
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Answer» a. False. It is due to attenuation of X-ray photons produced by the target material. b. False. Due to anode angulation, photons emitted towards the anode side of the field need to penetrate a larger thickness of the anode material and therefore undergo more attenuation. c. True. The steeper the target, the larger the thickness of the target material that needs to be penetrated on the anode side. d. False. It is more noticeable at low kVp, as the photons are less penetrating and the differences in attenuation on the cathode and anode sides are more pronounced. e. True. Because photons penetrating through the target material in addition to attenuation also undergo filtration. |
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