The first traffic signal was invented by a railway signaling engineer. It was installed __(1)__ the Houses of Parliament in 1868. It __(2)__ like any railway signal of the time, and was operated by gas. __(3)__, it exploded and killed a policeman, and the accident __(4)__ further development until cars became common. __(5)__ traffic lights are an American invention. Red-green __(6)__ were installed in Cleveland in 1914. Three-color signals, operated __(7)__ hand from a tower in the __(8)__ of the street, were installed in New York in 1918. The __(9)__ lights of this type to __(10)__ in Britain were in London, on the junction between St. James’s Street and Piccadilly, in 1925. Automatic signals were installed __(11)__ year later. In the past, traffic lights were __(12)__. In New York, some lights had a statue on top. In Los Angeles the lights did not just __(13)__ silently, but would ring bells to __(14)__ the sleeping motorists of the 1930s. These are gone and have been __(15)__ by standard models which are universally adopted. 1. A) outside B) out C) out of D) outdoors 2. A) resembled B) looked C) showed D) seemed 3. A) However B) Therefore C) Although D) Despite 4. A) forbade B) disappointed C) avoided D) discouraged 5. A) New B) Recent C) Modern D) Late 6. A) methods B) ways C) systems D) means 7. A) by B) with C) through D) in 8. A) middle B) heart C) focus D) halfway 9. A) original B) primary C) first D) early 10. A) show B) appear C) happen D) become 11. A) a B) in the C) in a D) the 12. A) various B) particular C) rare D) special 13. A) change B) alter C) vary D) move 14. A) rise B) raise C) wake D) get up 15. A) reproduced B) replaced C) removed D) remained