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The concept of resonance explains various properties of compounds.The molecule with conjugated system of pi bonds, are stabilized by resonance and have low heat of hydrogenation .Hyperconjugative stabilization also decreases heat of hydrogenation. In aromatic rings a functional group with a lone pair of electron exerts +m effect.Some functional groups like -NO, -NC, -CH=CH_2 can function both as electrons releasing (+m,+R) or electron withdrawing (-m,-R) groups.More extended conjugation provides more stabilization. The most stable carbocation is |
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