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Blood is a fluid connective tissue and also known as Basis of life.

It composed of a watery fluid PLASMA and formed elements. These formed elements are RBCs, WBCs and Platelets. Due to presence of the fluid form of matrix (i.e; plasma) blood behaves like fluid connective tissue.

BLOOD →

· slightly alkaline (pH = 7.4)

· heavier than water (specific gravity 4.7)

· Blood contains Plasma (fluid matrix) and formed elements.

⇒ Plasma -

- PALE yellow in color.

- 55% of total blood.

- fluid and fibre less.

- consist of · water (90 - 92%)

· Proteins (6 - 8%)

- Proteins -

· Albumin - most aboundant plasma PROTEIN.

·Globulin ° α globulin - Transport lipid and ions.

° β globulin - Transport lipid and ions.

° γ globulin - protective protein (antibodies).

· Fibrinogen - Clotting Protein.

⇒ RBC / ERYTHROCYTES -

- Formed in bone marrow.

- PROCESS of formation of RBC is known as Erythropoesis.

- A mature RBC do not has nucleus.

- Normal count ⇒ 5 - 5.5 million / mm³ of blood.

- It contains respiratory pigments known as Haemoglobin (Hb).

- 100 ml blood contains 12 - 16 gm of Hb.

- Life span of RBC is 120 days.

⇒ WBC / LEUCOCYTE -

- Normal count ⇒ 6000 - 8000 / mm³ of blood.

- process of formation of WBC is known as Leucopoesis.

TYPES -

1. Granulocyte -

(a) Neutrophils -

· 60 - 65%

· also known as Polymorphonuclear leucocyte. (PMNL).

· Phagocytic in nature.

(b) Basophils -

·0.5 - 1%

· It secretes - HISTAMIN, Heparin and Serotonin which gives inflamatory response.

(c) Eosinophils -

· 2 - 3%

· also known as Acidophils.

· It supresses Allergy and kill helminth's larvae in blood.

2. Agranulocyte -

(a) Monocyte -

· 6 - 8%

· Largest WBC.

· Phagocytic in nature.

· It transforms into Macrophages in the tissue.

(b) Lymphocyte -

· 20 - 25%

· B- Lymphocyte - forms antibodies.

· T - Lymphocyte - kills infected cells.

⇒ PLATELETS / THROMBOCYTES -

- Normal count - 150,000 - 350,000 / mm³.

- low platelet count causes internal bleeding.

- It prevents excessive loss of blood by clotting.

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