1.

The addition and multiplication identity of element of R are

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Answer:

R BECOMES a RING with identity when we define addition and multiplication as in ELEMENTARY calculus : ( f + g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) + g ( x ) and ( fg ) ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) . The identity element is the constant function 1. R is COMMUTATIVE because Ris , but it does have zero divisors for ALMOST all choices of X.

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