1.

Scandium shows only two oxidation states.Explain.

Answer»

Scandium has electronic configuration,

21Sc : Is2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d1, 4s2 Sc shows only two oxidation states namely + 2 and + 3.

  • Due to the loss of two electrons from the 4s-orbital, Sc acquires + 2 oxidation state Sc2+ : Is2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1
  • Due to the loss of one more electron from the 3d-orbital, it acquires + 3 oxidation state with the extra stability of an inert element  18Ar. Sc+3 : Is2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6.
  • Since Sc3+ acquires extra stability of inert element [Ar]18, it does not form higher oxidation state. 


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