Rimland theory 

• Nicholas John Spykman (1893 - 1943), an American political scientist propounded Rimland's theory in 1942.
• It was published in 1944 in his book entitled The Geography of Peace

Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Main concept:

• It is basically the opposite of the Heartland theory by Mackinder
• The inner crescent of the Heartland theory is considered as the Rimland here
• Topography, terrain, and climate are considered an important determinant of foreign policy
• Peace is possible by collective security arrangement or international balance of power arrangement
• Unified Rimland: strong land power the USA and the Soviet Union
• He gave more emphasis on sea power
• Seapower possible to conceive of the Eurasian continent as a unit
• Defines the relationship between the old and new world
• These regions have more potential than the Heartland
• It is an intermediate region between Heartland and marginal sea region

The rimland:

The inner marginal crescent was divided into three parts in Rimland theory

1. European land
2. The Arabian middle eastern desert
3. Asiatic monsoon land

Premises:

• Who controls the Rimland rules Eurasia
• Who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world