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Readthe following passage and answer the question that follow :Irrigating trees and fieldsThis is an excerpt from the Babur Name thatdescribes the irrigation devices that emperor observed in northern India :The greater part of Hindustan county is situated on leave land. Many tough itstownsand cultivated lands are, it nowhere has running waters . . . For . . . water is not at all a necessity in cultivating crops and orchards. Autumn crops grow by the downpour of the rainsthemselves , and strange it isthatspring cropsgrow even when no rains fall. (However) to young trees wateris made to flow by means of buckets or wheels . . . In Lahore, Dipalpur (both inpresent - day Pakistan) and those other parts, people water by means of a wheel .They make two circles of rope long enough to suit the depths of the well, fix strips of wood between them,and on these fasten pitchers. The ropes with the wood and attached pitchersare put over the wheel-well.Atone end of the wheel-axle a second wheel is fixed , and close to it another on an upright axle. The last wheel the bullock turns,itsteeth catch in the teethof the second (wheel), and thus the wheel with the pitchers is turned. A trough is set wherethe water empties from the pitchers and from this the water is conveyedevery where. In Agra, Chandwar, Bayana (all in present-day Uttar Pradesh) andthoseparts again, peoplewater with a bucket . . . At the well-edgethey set up afork of wood, having a roller adjusted between the forks, tie a rope to a large bucket, put the rope over a roller and tie its otherend to thebullock. Oneperson must drive the bullock, another emptythe bucket.(i) What was the major criterion for selecting crops for sowing ?(ii)Mention device used forlifting water from the wells. Which was the most suitedto irrigate big field ?(iii)List differences between irrigation devicesobserved by Babur and thoseused in Vijayanagara.

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Solution :(i) The major criterion for selecting crops for sowing was availabilty of rain-water and irrigation facilities in a particular region.
(ii)(a)Themost simple method was to draw water with ROPE and bucketby hand without any mechanical aid
(b)ANOTHER method was rope-pulley which used with addition of employment of a PAIR ofoxen.
(c)The third was use of wheel for lifting water from well, form a garland of posts with three wheels, a real mechanism and animalpower (PERSIAN wheel device) It was most suited to irrigate large FIELDS as it ensured regular supply of large amountof water .
(iii)Babesobserved use of wells with different modes of lifting water in NorthernIndia. In Vijayanagara.lakes, tanks, reservoirsembank-ments on rivers andcanals system was the prevalent method used for irrigation.


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