Read the passage given below :(1). Necessity is indeed the mother of invention. When areas in and around Leh began to expenence water shortages, life didn't grind to a halt. Why? Because Chewang Norphel, a retired civil engineer in the Jammu and Kashmir government came up with the idea of artificial glaciers.(2). Ladakh, a cold desert at an altitude of 3,000-3,500 meters above sea level, has a low average annual rainfall rate of 50 mm. Glaciers have always been the only source of water. Agriculture is completely dependent on the glacier melt unlike the rest of river/monsoon fed India. But over the years with the increasing effects of climate change, rainfall and snowfall patterns have been changing, resulting in severe shortage and drought situations. Given the severe winter conditions, the window for farming is usually limited to one harvest season.(3). It is located between the natural glacier above and the village below. The one closer to the village and lowest in altitude melts first, providing water during April May, the crucial sowing season. Further layers of ice above melt with increasing temperature thus ensuring continuous apply to the fields. Thus, farmers have been able to manage two crops instead of one. It costs about? 150,000 and above to create one.(4). Fondly called the "glacier man", Mr. Norphel has designed over 15 artificial glaciers in and around Leh since 1987. In recognition of his pioneering effort, he was conferred the Padma Shri by President Pranab Mukherjee, in 2015.(5). There are a few basic steps followed in creating the artificial glacier.(6). River or stream water at higher altitude is diverted to a shaded area of the full fading north, where the winter sun is blocked by a ridge or a mountain range. At the start of winter November, the diverted water is made to flow onto doping hill face through distribution channels Stone embankments are built at regular intervals which impede the flow of water, making shallow pool sand freeze, forming a cascade of ice along the slope Ice formation continues for 3-4 months resulting in a large accumulation of ice which is referred to as an "artificial glacier"1. For how many months does the ice formation continue for ?a. The ice formation continues for 1-2 months.b. The ice formation continues for 3-4 days.c. The ice formation continues for 3-4 months.d. The ice formation continues for 3-4 hours.2. Find the word in the paragraph that means the same as 'gathering'?a. Accumulationb. Formationc. Collectiblesd. Jammed3. Mr. Norphel designed_______artificial glaciers in Leh.a. Mr. Norphel designed 20 artificial glaciers in Leh.b. Mr. Norphel designed 34 artificial glaciers in Leh.c. Mr. Norphel designed 15 artificial glaciers in Leh.d. Mr. Norphel designed 7 artificial glaciers in Leh.4. Which Indian President gave Padma Shri award to Mr. Norphel?a. Mr. Narendra Modi is the Indian President who gave Padma Shri award to Mr. Norphel.b. Mrs. Pratibha Patil is the Indian President who gave Padma Shri award to Mr. Norphel.c. Mr. Pranab Mukherjee is the Indian President who gave Padma Shri award to Mr. Norphel.d. Dr. Abdul Kalam is the Indian President who gave Padma Shri award to Mr. Norphel.5. Choose the correct option :Who was Chewang Norphel?a. Chewang Norphel was a retired teacher.b. Chewang Norphel was a retired civil engineerc. Chewang Norphel was a retired social worker.d. Chewang Norphel was a retired activist.6. Choose the correct option :Ladakh is at an altitude of _____ metres above the sea level.a. 2000 - 6500 metres.b. 1000 - 1500 metres.c. 3000 - 3500 metres.d. 6000 - 8500 metres.7. Choose the correct option :a. Ladakh is a cold desert.b. Ladakh is a hot desert.c. Ladakh is a dry desert.d. Ladakh is a hot and cold desert.8. In which year Mr. Norphel got the Padma Shri award?a. Mr. Norphel got the Padma Shri award in 2005.b. Mr. Norphel got the Padma Shri award in 2010.c. Mr. Norphel got the Padma Shri award in 2016.d. Mr. Norphel got the Padma Shri award in 2015.9. What is the annual rainfall rate of Ladakh?a. Ladakh has a low average annual rainfall rate of 58 mm.b.  Ladakh has a low average annual rainfall rate of 48 mm.c.  Ladakh has a low average annual rainfall rate of 50 mm.d. Ladakh has a low average annual rainfall rate of 46 mm.10. State true or false :a. Trueb. False