Question 5.16: Answer the following questions: (a) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetising field) when cooled? (b) Why is diamagnetism, in contrast, almost independent of temperature? (c) If a toroid uses bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less than when the core is empty? (d) Is the permeability of a ferromagnetic material independent of the magnetic field? If not, is it more for lower or higher fields? (e) Magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point. (This fact is analogous to the static electric field lines being normal to the surface of a conductor at every point.) Why? (f ) Would the maximum possible magnetisation of a paramagnetic sample be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetization of a ferromagnet?Class 12 - Physics - Magnetism And Matter Magnetism And Matter Page-202

Question 5.16: Answer the following questions: (a) Why does a paramagn

1.	Question 5.16: Answer the following questions: (a) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetising field) when cooled? (b) Why is diamagnetism, in contrast, almost independent of temperature? (c) If a toroid uses bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less than when the core is empty? (d) Is the permeability of a ferromagnetic material independent of the magnetic field? If not, is it more for lower or higher fields? (e) Magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point. (This fact is analogous to the static electric field lines being normal to the surface of a conductor at every point.) Why? (f ) Would the maximum possible magnetisation of a paramagnetic sample be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetization of a ferromagnet?Class 12 - Physics - Magnetism And Matter Magnetism And Matter Page-202
Answer» (a) in PARAMAGNETIC, the tendency to disturb the ALIGNMENT of molecular DIPOLES with the external magnetising FIELD arising from random thermal motion is reduced at lower TEMPERATURE. (b) in diamagnetics, the molecular dipole moments always align in the direction opposite to that of external magnetising field , inspite of the internal motion of atoms. (c) As bismuth is diamagnetic in nature,bso the field in the toroid with bismuth core will be slightly less than when core is empty. (d) No, the permeability of a ferromagnetic material is not independent of the magnetic field. it is more at higher fields. (e) As the magnetic permeability of a ferromagnetic is much larger than unity. so the magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point. (f) Yes, but for the maximum possible magnetisation of paramagnetic sample, impractically very high magnetising field are required.

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