Role of painters: Painters played a vital role in the emergence of Indian nationalism. Raja Ravi Varma visualised various scenes from Indian epics and literature following the western style. Nandalal Bose protested against ‘Sati’.

Abanindranath Tagore pictured Bharath Matha giving goods, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses. Painters played an important role to be free from western style and to promote Indian culture and nationalism.

Role of Literature: Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them. They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers.

Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

Role of Newspaper: The newspapers during the freedom struggle functioned with the aim to create awareness on social issues, to help them to participate in the national movement and to treat any problem any where as a national problem. Indian leaders depended on new papers to promote nationalistic ideologies.

Journalism was a social service. They criticized the British policies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first to launch the news paper with the national perspective. His Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali, Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian focused on social reformation, democracy and nationalism. Following the same, many reformers and national leaders published newspapers in regional languages.

The British imposed strict measures to control the power of press. The Vernacular Press Act by Lord Lytton in 1878 was one among them. As it restrained the freedom of  press in regional languages, the British withdrew the act after a massive protest. The protection, circulation and reading were a part of freedom struggle during those days.

Role of Education: It was education that helped India to fight against the British colonial supremacy and social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The establishment of national educational institutions was the important one to inculcate nationalism.

Through this, secular education was imparted.

Role of Social reform movements: Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism that nurtured in India society in the 19th century paved the way for the emergence of various social reform movements. 

They had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• Ensure civil right to education, travel and dress code.
• The socioeconomic situation in India was not favorable to achieve these goals. So, proposals were advanced by the reformers to bring about fundamental changes in the society.
• Eradicate caste system . 
• Protect the rights of all .
• Eliminate discrimination against women. 
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow remarriage. 
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.