Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 : A - IV, B - III, C- I, D - II
Topic | Important points | Heartland | - This theory was introduced by H. J. Mackinder, an English Geographer in 1904 for the first time
- The focus is the 'Land power' to access the inaccessible part of Eurasia-'The heartland'
- The theory has modified in 1919 and 1943
- The summarized form,
- Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland;
- who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island;
- who rules the World-Island commands the world
| Rimland | - This theory was introduced by N. J. Spykman, an American Political Scientist in 1942
- He talks about the importance of the coastal strip encircles Eurasia or the Rimland which is accessible by the 'sea power'
- It includes three parts,
- The European coastland;
- The Arabian-Middle Eastern desert land; and,
- The Asiatic monsoon land.
| Classification of state | - Van Valkenburg proposed a Commission for developing a Land Use Inventory procedure for all countries and UNESCO provided the grant in The International Geographical Union Congress’ 1949.
- He was a member from the USA in the five-member committee
| Law of territorial growth of states | - Fridrich Ratzel, a German geographer introduced the 'Organic Theory of State' influenced by the Darwinian theory of evolution of the organism.
- He explains the territorial growth of a state like an organism
- He also introduces the concept of 'Lebensraum' or 'living space'
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Therefore the correct option is A-IV, B - III, C- I, D - II
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