1.

How do you represent “All dogs have tails”?(a) ۷x: dog(x) àhastail(x)(b) ۷x: dog(x) àhastail(y)(c) ۷x: dog(y) àhastail(x)(d) ۷x: dog(x) àhasàtail(x)

Answer» Right answer is (a) ۷x: dog(x) àhastail(x)

The explanation is: We represent the statement in mathematical logic taking ‘x ‘as Dog and which has tail. We cannot represent two variable x, y for the same object Dog that has tail. The symbol “۷ “represent all.


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