1.

Harappan Civilization was a highly developed urban civilization. Discuss the significant features of this Civilization with reference to: (a) The Town Planning. (b) The Drainage System. (c) The Dwelling Houses.

Answer»

In context of the given headings the significant features of Harappan Civilization are discussed below: 

(a) The Town Planning: The ruins of the sites, reveal that the Harappan people were primarily urban and their cities were designed skillfully The streets divided the entire city into square or rectangular blocks, each of which was further divided by a number of lanes. The main streets were wide and straight and intersected each-other at right angles. Fire-burnt bricks were used for paving the streets. The corners of the streets were rounded- off to make it easy for the movement of heavy carts. Houses were pot allowed to encroach upon the streets. 

(b) The Drainage System: The city was equipped with elaborate drainage system. A brick lined drainage channel flowed alongside the streets. The house-drains were connected to the underground main drains, which opened into large brick-culverts on the outskirts of the city. The drains were provided with manholes. 

(c) The Dwelling-Houses: On either side of the streets, a number of dwelling-houses were constructed. The houses were of different sizes and were built on raised platforms as a protection against the danger of expected floods. The houses were got built with that of burnt-bricks and were furnished with paved floors. The rooms were built around an open courtyard which was an important feature of their house planning. The houses maintained wells and bathrooms and were provided with covered drains connected with street drains. The bathroom was placed on the street-side and its floors sloped to the comer where the drain carried off the waste water.



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