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For any positive integer n, use euclid's division lemma to prove that n^3- n is divisible by 6? |
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Answer» Answer: Expert Answer: Any positive integer is of the form 6m, 6m + 1, 6m + 2, 6m + 3, 6m + 4, 6m + 5 for some positive integer n. When n = 6m, n3 - n = (6m)3 - 6m = 216 m3 - 6m = 6m(36m2 - 1) = 6q, where q = m(36m2 -1) n3 - n is divisible by 6 When n = 6m + 1, n3 - n = n(N2 - 1) = n (n - 1) (n + 1) = (6m + 1) (6m) (6m + 2) = 6m(6m + 1) (6m + 2) = 6q, where q = m(6m + 1) (6m + 2) n3 - n is divisible by 6 When n = 6m + 2, n3 - n = n (n - 1) (n + 1) = (6m + 2) (6m + 1) (6m + 3) = (6m + 1) (36 m2 + 30m + 6) = 6m (36 m2 + 30m + 6) + 1 (36m2 + 30m + 6) = 6[m (36m2 + 30m + 6)] + 6 (6M2 + 5m + 1) = 6P + 6q, where p = m (36m2 + 30m + 6) q = 6m2 + 5m + 1 n3 - n is divisible by 6 When n = 6m + 3 n3 - n = (6m + 3)3 - (6m + 3) = (6m + 3) [(6m + 3)2 - 1] = 6m [6m + 3)2 - 1] + 3 [(6m + 3)2 - 1] = 6 [m [(6m + 3)2 - 1] + 3 [36m2 + 36m + 8] = 6 [m [(6m + 3)2 - 1] + 6 [18m2 + 18m + 4] = 6p + 3q, where p = m[(6m + 3)2 - 1] q = 18m2 + 18m + 4 n3 - n is divisible by 6 When n = 6m + 4 n3 - n = (6m + 4)3 - (6m + 4) = (6m + 4) [(6m + 4)2 - 1] = 6m [(6m + 4)2 - 1] + 4 [(6m + 4)2 - 1] = 6m [(6m + 4)2 - 1] + 4 [36m2 + 48M + 16 - 1] = 6m [(6m + 4)2 - 1] + 12 [12m2 + 16m + 5] = 6p + 6q, where p = m [(6m + 4)2 - 1] q = 2 (12 m2 + 16m + 5) n3 - n is divisible by 6 When n = 6m + 5 n3 - n = (6m + 5) [(6m + 5)2 - 1] = 6m [(6m + 5)2 - 1] + 5 [(6m + 5)2 - 1] = 6m [(6m + 5)2 - 1] + 5 [36m2 + 60m + 24] = 6p + 30q = 6 (p + 5q), where p = m [(6m + 5)2 - 1] q = 6m2 + 10m + 4 n3 - n is divisible by 6 Hence, n3 - n is divisible by 6, for any +ve integer n. |
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