A transpiration driven ascent of xylem sap depends mainly on the following physical properties of water
Cohesion – mutual attraction between water molecule
Adhesion attraction of water molecules polar surfaces such as tracheary elements.
Surface tension -water molecules are attracted to each other in a liquid phase than in gas phase.
These properties gives water ability to rise in the thin tubes.
Water evaporates through stomata it results in pulling of water into leaf from the xylem transpiration can generate pull sufficient to lift a xylem sized column of water over 130 meters.