Scope refers to the accessibility of a variable. 

There are four types of scopes in C++

1. Local Scope

2. Function Scope

3. File Scope

4. Class Scope

1. Local Scope:

• A local variable is defined within a block. A block of code begins and ends with curly braces {}.
• The scope of a local variable is the block in which it is defined.
• A local variable cannot be accessed from outside the block of its declaration.
• A local variable is created upon entry into its block and destroyed upon exit;

Example:

 int main( )

{

int a,b; //Local variable

}

2. Function Scope:

• The scope of variable within a function is extended to the function block and all sub-blocks therein. 
• The lifetime of a function scope variable is the lifetime of the function block.

Example:

int. sum(intx, int y); //x and y has function scope.

3. File Scope:

• A variable declared above all blocks and functions (including main()) has the scope of a file.
• The lifetime of a file scope variable is the lifetime of a program.
• The file scope variable is also called as global variable.

Example:

#include

using namespace std;

int x,y; //x and y are global variable

void main()

{

……..

4. Class Scope:

• Data members declared in a class has the class scope.
• Data members declared in a class can be accessed by all member functions of the class.

Example:

Class example

{

int x,y; //x and y can be accessed by

print() and void():

void print();

Void total();

};