Petroleum is a mixture of several hydrocarbons. It also contains WATER salt and Rocky MATERIALS which cannot be used in this crude from either as a fuel or basic material to produce other useful components. Before put to use, it has to purified or refined. The process of separating the various components of petroleum from one another is known as the REFINING of petroleum. This is done by a process called fractional distillation which is BASED on the fact that the different components of petroleum have distinctly different boiling points.

In fractional distillation, crude petroleum is heated to a temperature of 400°C or slightly above in a furnace.

Uses of petroleum

1. Petroleum products are used as fuels.

2. Lubricating oils and Vaseline are used as lubricants.

3.Paraffin wax products of petroleum is used for manufacturing candles polishes waxedpaper waterproofing etc.

4.Some of the by products of petroleum after purification are used in the PREPARATION of medicines payments face creams and cosmetics.

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