Water treatmentis any process that improves thequalityofwaterto make it more acceptable for a specific end-use. The end use may bedrinking, industrial water supply,irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment. Water treatment removescontaminantsand undesirable components, or reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use.Treatment fordrinking waterproduction involves the removal of contaminants from raw water to produce water that ispureenough for human consumption without any short term or long term risk of any adverse health effect. Substances that are removed during the process of drinking water treatment includesuspended solids,bacteria,algae,viruses,fungi, andmineralssuch asironandmanganese.

The processes involved in removing the contaminants include physical processes such assettlingandfiltration,chemical processessuch asdisinfectionandcoagulationand biological processes such asslow sand filtration.