1.

Explain in briefhow the following tools can be used for creditcontrol by the central bank in an economy : (a) Open Market Operations (b) Margin Requirements

Answer»

Solution :(i) Open Market OPERATIONS (OMO) refers to the sale and purchase of governmentsecurities in the open market by the Central Bank (RBI) . By selling such securities theCentral Bank SOAKS liquidityfrom the economyand by purchasingthe government securities,Central Bank releases liquidity. This is an important method of regulating the money supply (liquidity ) in themarket.
(ii)The Margin Requirement of loanrefersto the differencebetween thecurrent value of the securityofferedand amount of loan granted.
When margin requirement is lowered by the Central Bank, theborrowers are able to secure LARGER amount of funds from the bankswhich will increase the money supply in the economy. Conversely,a RISE in the marginrequirements will contractthesupply ofcredit in the economy.


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