Everything in nature is made up of five basic elements: (i) earth, (

1.	Everything in nature is made up of five basic elements: (i) earth, (ii) water, (iii) fire, (iv) air, and (v) space. Each of the five elements has a certain relationship with the other elements. These relationships form the laws of nature. An element could support or act as an enemy to the other element. For example, air (contains oxygen) supports fire, but water can block the spread of fire. Therefore, in order for them to co-exist, fire and water need to be separated. Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light and various reaction products. The flame is the visible portion of the fire and consists of glowing hot gases. Fire has the potential to cause physical damage through burning. (a) Name three elements that are necessary for a fire to ignite and how they are responsible? (b) Enumerate the common causes of open flames.
Answer» (a) For a fire, three things are necessary – heat, oxygen and fuel. Fuel (in a non-gaseous state) does not burn directly. When you apply heat to fuel, it produces a gas. When the oxygen in the air combines with this gas, it burns. Remove one of those things (e.g., add water to eliminate heat or cover with dirt or sand to eliminate oxygen) and the fire will go out. Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible material, in combination with a sufficient quantity of oxygen gas is exposed to a source of heat that reaches above the flash point for the fuel and is able to sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces a chain reaction (b) Open Flames ● Negligence while conducting welding, cutting or grinding. ● Improper use of candles. ● Improper handling of flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases in or nearto- potential ignition sources. ● Matches and cigarettes that are improperly disposed off or left unattended near combustibles.

Everything in nature is made up of five basic elements: (i) earth, (ii) water, (iii) fire, (iv) air, and (v) space. Each of the five elements has a certain relationship with the other elements. These relationships form the laws of nature. An element could support or act as an enemy to the other element. For example, air (contains oxygen) supports fire, but water can block the spread of fire. Therefore, in order for them to co-exist, fire and water need to be separated. Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light and various reaction products. The flame is the visible portion of the fire and consists of glowing hot gases. Fire has the potential to cause physical damage through burning. (a) Name three elements that are necessary for a fire to ignite and how they are responsible? (b) Enumerate the common causes of open flames.

Answer»

(a) For a fire, three things are necessary – heat, oxygen and fuel. Fuel (in a non-gaseous state) does not burn directly. When you apply heat to fuel, it produces a gas. When the oxygen in the air combines with this gas, it burns. Remove one of those things (e.g., add water to eliminate heat or cover with dirt or sand to eliminate oxygen) and the fire will go out. Fires start when a flammable and/or a combustible material, in combination with a sufficient quantity of oxygen gas is exposed to a source of heat that reaches above the flash point for the fuel and is able to sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces a chain reaction

(b) Open Flames

● Negligence while conducting welding, cutting or grinding.

● Improper use of candles.

● Improper handling of flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases in or nearto- potential ignition sources.

● Matches and cigarettes that are improperly disposed off or left unattended near combustibles.

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