1.

Distinguish between the following :Top Level Management and Lower Level Management.

Answer»
Top Level ManagementLower Level Management
(1) MeaningTop level refers to top positions in the organization. e.g. Board of directors, Managing Directors, CEO, President, etc.Lower level management refers to lower positions in the organization. e.g. Junior Executives, Foremen, etc.
(2) Nature of WorkIt is concerned with framing plans and policies of the entire organization.It is concerned with execution of plans and policies.
(3) SkillsIt requires conceptual or decision making skills than technical skills.It requires more technical skills than conceptual skills.
(4) Promotion PolicyPromotion is based on merit basis.Seniority is preferred for promotion.
(5) Time FrameIt considers for longer period of time i.e. 5 to 20 years.Basically it is very short period of time i.e. upto 1 year.
(6) ResponsibilityIt is responsible to Shareholders, Government and Society.It is responsible to middle as well as top level management.
(7) Flow of OrderOrders and instructions are passed to middle level.It implements orders of middle level and also reports to the middle level.



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