The relations with China experienced friendly gestures from India as India signed popular ‘Panchsheel’ to develop Indo-China relations in 1954 and advocated China’s membership to the United Nations still, after 1957, various contentious issues arose in Indo- China relations- 

1. In 1962, military conflict over a border dispute of MacMohan Line resulted in an unwarranted claim by China which lies now in Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin regions of Ladakh. 

2. Differences arose from Chinese take over of Tibet in 1950 which was protested by India against China. 

3. After Panchsheel, attack by China on India in 1962, to occupy larger territories of India, created a humiliation. 

4. China’s assistance to Pakistan’s nuclear programme also created differences. 

5. China’s military relations with Bangladesh and Myanmar were viewed as hostile to Indian interests. 

All the above-mentioned differences/ disputes could be resolved for greater cooperation. 

(i) Both the countries should make some more efforts to revive the harmonious attitude between themselves. 

(ii) Both the countries should move hand-in-hand to fight against terrorism, nuclear race and economic disparities. 

(iii) Both the countries should develop mutual understanding and respect. 

(iv) Hence, both of them have signed agreements on cultural exchange and cooperation in science and technology.