1.

Discuss cultivation of apple under the following heads: Soil and climate, major varieties, propagation and rootstock and major diseases and their management.

Answer»

Cultivation of apple 

Soil and climate 

Apple can grow…..range of soils. Well-drained, …..deep, fertile, ….clay loam soils with pH 6.0-6.8 …. Sites with gentle slope…… requires about 1,000 to 1,500 hours ……. bud dormancy. 

Major varieties:

Early Mid season
Late
Red June, Tydeman’s Early Worcester, Kings Pippin, Summer Queen Starking Delicious, Red Delicious, Richared, Black Ben Davis, Red Gold, Mclntosh, Golden Delicious, Lord Lambourne
Granny Smith, Ruspippin (yellow, winter banana)

Propagation and rootstock 

Traditionally seedling rootstocks are used. Standard clonal rootstocks such as Malling (M) series (M9, M27) and Malling Merton (MM) series rootstocks (MM106, MM109, MM111) are used.

Major diseases and their management:

Apple scab…… caused by a fungus, Venturia inaequalis. ….. most serious disease ….mostly affects leaves……….olive coloured spots…..A spray schedule of different …….chemicals control.
Powdery mildew….. white powdery mass grows ……….pruning and …..spraying of wettablesulphur (0.2-0.3%), …… or karathane (0.05%) during late dormancy, …… two weeks later. In nursery, spraying of ……fungicides at …….recommended.


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