Answer:

Stress is the force acting on the unit area of a material. The effect of stress on a body is named as strain. Stress can deform the body. ... Stress can be categorized into three categories depending upon the direction of the deforming forces acting on the body.Types of Stress

There are several types of stress in physics but it is mainly categorized into two forms that are NORMAL Stress and Tangential or Shearing Stress. Some stress types are discussed in the points below.

Normal Stress:

As the name suggests, Stress is said to be Normal stress when the direction of the deforming force is perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the body. The length of the wire or the volume of the body CHANGES stress will be at normal. Normal stress can be further classified into two types based on the dimension of force-

Longitudinal stress

Bulk Stress or Volumetric stress

Longitudinal Stress:

Consider a cylinder. When two cross-sectional areas of the cylinder are subjected to equal and opposite forces the stress experienced by the cylinder is called longitudinal stress.

Longitudinal Stress = Deforming Force / Area of cross-section = F/A

As the name suggests, when the body is under longitudinal stress-

The deforming force will be acting ALONG the length of the body.

Longitudinal stress results in the change in the length of the body. Hence, thereby it affects slight change in diameter.

The Longitudinal Stress either stretches the object or compresses the object along its length. Thus, it can be further classified into two types based on the direction of deforming force-

Tensile stress

Compressive stress

Tensile Stress

If the deforming force or applied force results in the increase in the object’s length then the resulting stress is termed as tensile stress. For example: When a rod or wire is stretched by pulling it with equal and opposite forces (outwards) at both ends.

Compressive Stress

If the deforming force or applied force results in the decrease in the object’s length then the resulting stress is termed as compressive stress. For example: When a rod or wire is compressed/squeezed by pushing it with equal and opposite forces (inwards) at both ends.

Bulk Stress or Volume Stress

When the deforming force or applied force acts from all dimensions resulting in the change of volume of the object then such stress in called volumetric stress or Bulk stress. In short, when the volume of body changes due to the deforming force it is termed as Volume stress.

Shearing Stress or Tangential Stress

When the direction of the deforming force or external force is parallel to the cross-sectional area, the stress experienced by the object is called shearing stress or tangential stress. This results in the change in the shape of the body.

According to the strain definition, it is defined as the amount of deformation experienced by the body in the direction of force applied, divided by initial dimensions of the body. The relation for deformation in terms of length of a solid is given below.

ϵ=δlL

where,

ϵ is the strain due to stress applied

δl is the change in length

L is the original length of the material.

The strain is a dimensionless quantity as it just defines the relative change in shape.

Depending on stress application, strain experienced in a body can be of two types. They are:

● Tensile Strain: It is the change in length (or area) of a body due to the application of tensile stress.

● Compressive Strain: It is the change in length (or area) of a body due to the application of compressive strain

When we study solids and their mechanical properties, information regarding their elastic properties is most important. These can be obtained by studying the stress-strain RELATIONSHIPS, under different loads, in these materials.

hope this answer is helpful for you .