Concerning detection of micro bubbles and their applications: a. The

1.	Concerning detection of micro bubbles and their applications: a. The main use for micro bubbles is to enhance Doppler ultrasound imaging b. As micro bubbles are quickly destroyed by insonation, they can only be imaged intermittently c. Stimulated acoustic emission (SAE) utilizes high-energy Doppler pulses d. Characterization of liver lesions with micro bubbles is usually based on their enhancement pattern e. Micro bubbles can be used for targeted drug delivery
Answer» a. False. Due to their high degree of echogenicity, micro bubbles indeed enhance the Doppler signal (‘Doppler rescue’), which was the original application of these agents, and sometimes continues to be used in transcranial imaging. However, the main application is currently in contrast-specific imaging techniques utilizing non-linear resonance and production of harmonic frequencies. b. False. Real-time imaging with a low mechanical index (MI) is possible. c. True. SAE is the appearance of a random colour pattern when micro bubbles burst after insonation with high-energy Doppler pulses. According to the guidelines of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, high MI techniques are not routinely recommended due to a difficult examination technique and the superiority of real-time, low MI imaging. d. True. Scanning with a low MI allows characterization of the lesion enhancement and washout in the arterial and portal phases in real time, and has almost completely superseded high MI techniques (SAE). e. True. They can be laden with drugs and caused to burst by insonation at a specific target site.

Concerning detection of micro bubbles and their applications: a. The main use for micro bubbles is to enhance Doppler ultrasound imaging b. As micro bubbles are quickly destroyed by insonation, they can only be imaged intermittently c. Stimulated acoustic emission (SAE) utilizes high-energy Doppler pulses d. Characterization of liver lesions with micro bubbles is usually based on their enhancement pattern e. Micro bubbles can be used for targeted drug delivery

Answer»

a. False. Due to their high degree of echogenicity, micro bubbles indeed enhance the Doppler signal (‘Doppler rescue’), which was the original application of these agents, and sometimes continues to be used in transcranial imaging. However, the main application is currently in contrast-specific imaging techniques utilizing non-linear resonance and production of harmonic frequencies.

b. False. Real-time imaging with a low mechanical index (MI) is possible.

c. True. SAE is the appearance of a random colour pattern when micro bubbles burst after insonation with high-energy Doppler pulses. According to the guidelines of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, high MI techniques are not routinely recommended due to a difficult examination technique and the superiority of real-time, low MI imaging.

d. True. Scanning with a low MI allows characterization of the lesion enhancement and washout in the arterial and portal phases in real time, and has almost completely superseded high MI techniques (SAE).

e. True. They can be laden with drugs and caused to burst by insonation at a specific target site.

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