1.

Before Guru Nanak Devi Ji, Punjab was ruled by Muslims. That is why Muslims could get high position in government. They were treated with respect. Judiciary was in favour of them. At that time, Muslim society was divided into four sections—Amir and Sardars, Ulema and Sayyad, Middle class and slave. Women did not enjoy a respectable position in the muslim society. There were harems of women in havelis of Amirs and Sardars (Nobles). The women belonging to Amir and Sardars lived in harems. The Slaves and concubines were provided- to serve them. The Purdah system preveiled at that time. The women of the families of common muslim lived in separate part of the house partitioned by purdah. Their portion was called. ‘Janan Khana’. -They could come out of their dwelling houses only in Purdah. This system was not strictly observed in the rural areas. ‘(а) Define the Classes into which the Muslim Society was divided.(b) Mention the position of women in the Muslim Society.

Answer»

(а) 

At the end of fifteen century, Muslim society was divided into three classes:

  1. Amirs (Nobles) high ranking commanders and Sardars
  2. Ulemas and Sayyad’s
  3. Middle class and the slaves.
(b) 

A description of condition of Muslim women is as given below:

  1. (i) Women did not enjoy respectable position in the Muslim society.
  2. (ii) The women belonging to high class lived in highly protected environment of harems. The slaves and concubines were provided to serve them.
  3. The Purdah System was prevalent in the society. However, this system was not strictly observed in the rural areas.
  4. The women of the families of the common people lived in separate portions of the houses. Their portion was called ‘Janan Khana’. They could come out from here only after wearing Burka.


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