1.

(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds : (i) Butanal and Butan-2-one. (iii) Benzoic acid and Phenol.

Answer»

Solution :(i) BUTANAL and Butan-2-one :
`underset("Butanol")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CHO), underset(Butan-2-one)(CH_(3)-overset(O)overset(||)C-CH_(2)-CH_(3))`
(1) Butanal on warming with Tollen.s reagent gives silver mirror. This test is not given by butan-2-one (KETONES).
(2) Butanal on warming with a mixture containing Fchling A and Fchling B in equal volumes and HEATING gives a reddish brown precipitate.
This test is not given by butan-2-one.
(ii) Benzoic acid and Phenol :
(1) `NaHCO_3` test - To a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen-carbonate, ADD a pinch of the compound. If an effervescence takes place, it is benzoic acid. Phenol does not give this test.

(2) Ester test - Heat a little of the compound with ethyl alcohol and a few drops of cone. `H_2SO_4`. A fruity ester smell is given by benzoic acid. Phenol does not give this test.


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