Assign reasons for each of the following: (a) Gallium (+1) undergoes disproportionation reactions. (b) Unlike , is more stable with respect to disproportionation. (c) InCl undergoes disproportionation but TlCl does not.

Assign reasons for each of the following: (a) Gallium (+1) undergoes

1.	Assign reasons for each of the following: (a) Gallium (+1) undergoes disproportionation reactions. (b) Unlike , is more stable with respect to disproportionation. (c) InCl undergoes disproportionation but TlCl does not.
Answer» two oxidation states shown by gallium is +3 and +1 and this is mainly due to inert PAIR effect. Of the two oxidation state exhibited, +3 oxidation state is more STABLE and +1 oxidation state is least stable. Hence, disproportionation OCCURS by gallium in aqueous solution to form most stable +3 oxidation state.The disproportionation reactions of gallium in aqueous medium is as follows,i) Both and shows +1 and +3 oxidation states, but the inert pair effect is more dominant. So +3 oxidation state is more stable compared to +1 oxidation state for And in the case of , the +1 oxidation state is more stable compared to +3 oxidation state. So, in aqueous solution, LESS stable +3 of under GOES disproportionation to form more stable +1 state. Whereas, in , +1 is most stable oxidation state, so it does not undergoes disproportionation reaction.Similar, answer for third question also. Because undergoes disproportionation reaction to form +3 oxidation state to +1 oxidation state, whereas, the +1 oxidation of is stable as it does not undergo disproportionation reactions.