1.

Arrange the following in the increasing order of their basic strengths : CH_(3)NH_(2),(CH_(3))_(2)NH,(CH_(3))_(3)N,NH_(3)

Answer»

`NH_(3)lt(CH_(3))_(3)NltCH_(3)NH_(2)lt(CH_(3))_(2)NH`
`(CH_(3))_(3)NltNH_(3)ltCH_(3)NH_(2)lt(CH_(3))_(2)NH`
`CH_(3)NH_(2)lt(CH_(3))_(2)NHlt(CH_(3))_(3)NltNH_(3)`
`NH_(3)lt(CH_(3))_(3)Nlt(CH_(3))_(2)NHltCH_(3)NH_(2)`

Solution :Among the given compounds, `NH_(3)` is the weakest base.
Methyl amines are stronger bases than `NH_(3)` due to the +I effect of `-CH_(3)` group. Thus greater the number of methyl GROUPS, more will be the basicity of the amine due to greater availability of ELECRON density on NITROGEN. Thus, the expected order is
`NH_(3)ltCH_(3)NH_(2)lt(CH_(3))_(2)NHlt(CH_(3))_(3)N`.
However, in tertiary amines, crowding of alkyl groups covers nirogen atom from al sides making the approach and bonding by `H^(+)` relatively DIFFICULT, thus the electrons are there but the PATH is blocked resulting in reduced basicity, thus the order of increasing basicity is:
`NH_(3)lt(CH_(3))_(3)NltCH_(3)NH_(2)lt(CH_(3))_(2)NH`.


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