Answer the following questions: (a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carryfractional charges [(+2/3)e ; (–1/3)e]. Why do they not show upin Millikan’s oil-drop experiment? (b) What is so special about the combination e/m? Why do we notsimply talk of e and m separately? (c) Why should gases be insulators at ordinary pressures and startconducting at very low pressures? (d) Every metal has a definite work function. Why do allphotoelectrons not come out with the same energy if incidentradiation is monochromatic? Why is there an energy distributionof photoelectrons? (e) The energy and momentum of an electron are related to thefrequency and wavelength of the associated matter wave by therelations:E = h ν, p = λhBut while the value of λ is physically significant, the value of ν(and therefore, the value of the phase speed ν λ) has no physicalsignificance. Why?

Answer the following questions: (a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons

1.	Answer the following questions: (a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carryfractional charges [(+2/3)e ; (–1/3)e]. Why do they not show upin Millikan’s oil-drop experiment? (b) What is so special about the combination e/m? Why do we notsimply talk of e and m separately? (c) Why should gases be insulators at ordinary pressures and startconducting at very low pressures? (d) Every metal has a definite work function. Why do allphotoelectrons not come out with the same energy if incidentradiation is monochromatic? Why is there an energy distributionof photoelectrons? (e) The energy and momentum of an electron are related to thefrequency and wavelength of the associated matter wave by therelations:E = h ν, p = λhBut while the value of λ is physically significant, the value of ν(and therefore, the value of the phase speed ν λ) has no physicalsignificance. Why?
Answer» Answer the following questions: (a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carryfractional charges [(+2/3)e ; (–1/3)e]. Why do they not show upin Millikan’s oil-drop experiment? (b) What is so special about the combination e/m? Why do we notsimply talk of e and m separately? (c) Why should gases be insulators at ordinary pressures and startconducting at very low pressures? (d) Every metal has a definite work function. Why do allphotoelectrons not come out with the same energy if incidentradiation is monochromatic? Why is there an energy distributionof photoelectrons? (e) The energy and momentum of an electron are related to thefrequency and wavelength of the associated matter wave by therelations:E = h ν, p = λhBut while the value of λ is physically significant, the value of ν(and therefore, the value of the phase speed ν λ) has no physicalsignificance. Why?

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