1.

An organic compound (X) containing C, H and O has a vapour density 37. 0.2750g of (X) produced 0.6540g of CO_(2) and 0.3375 of H_(2)O. The compound (X) on dehydration gave a hydrocarbon (Y) containing 85.71% of C. (Y) on treatment wit HI followed by hydrolysis, gave (Z) which was isomeric with (X). Give structural formulae of (X), (Y) and (Z)

Answer»

SOLUTION :Moles of C in (X) `=1 xx` moles of `C_(2)`
`=1 xx (0.6540)/(44)=0.01486`
Moles of H in (X) `=2xx` moles of `H_(2)O`
`=2 xx (0.3375)/(18)=0.0375`
Wt. of oxygen in (X) = 0.2750 - (wt. of C+ wt. of H)
`=0.2750- (0.01486 xx 12 + 0.0375 xx 1)`
=0.0592g
`THEREFORE` MOLE of O in (X) `=(0.0592)/(16)= 0.0037`
`therefore` mole of `C:H: O= 0.01486 : 0.0375: 0.0037`
`=4:10:1`
`therefore` empirical formula of (X) is `C_(4)H_(10)O` (74)
As molecular WEIGHT of (X) `=2xx VD`
`=2 xx 37= 74`,
`therefore` molecular formula of X is `C_(4)H_(10)O`
Now for the compound (Y)
Moles of `C: H = (85.71)/(12): (14.29)/(1)`
`=7.143: 14.29`
`=1: 2`
Empirical formula of (Y) is `CH_(2)`
Since (Y) is produced from (X) by dehydration,
(Y) must be `C_(4)H_(10)O- H_(2)O`, i.e., `C_(4)H_(8)`
Further, as `C_(4)H_(8)` is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, (X), i.e., `C_(4)H_(10)O` must be an alcohol
`therefore` (X) may be `CH_(3).CH_(2).CH_(2).CH_(2).OH` (primary)
or `CH_(3).CH_(2).CH(OH).CH_(3)` (secondary) and (Y) may be `CH_(3).CH_(2).CH=CH_(2)` or `CH_(3).CH=CH.CH_(3)` But as given in the question,
`underset((X))(CH_(3).CH_(2).CH_(2).CH_(2)OH) underset(-H_(2)O)overset(HI)rarr CH_(3).CH_(2).CHI.CH_(3)overset("hydrolysis")rarr underset((Z))(CH_(3).CH_(2).CH(OH).CH_(3))` [ISOMERIC to `CH_(3).CH_(2).CH_(2).CH_(2)OH` (X)]
Thus, (X) is `CH_(3).CH_(2).CH_(2).CH_(2)OH`
(Y) is `CH_(3).CH_(2).CH=CH_(2)`
(Z) is `CH_(3).CH_(2).underset(underset(OH)(|))(CH).CH_(3)`


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