Answer» Correct Answer - Option 1 : Mahmud Ghajnavi
The correct answer is Mahmud Ghajnavi. - Alberuni was the contemporary of Mahmud Ghajnavi.
- He came in contact with Mahmud when he had invaded Khiva and he was presented before him as a prisoner.
- In his book Tahqiq-i-Hind in which he portrays the social, political, religious, and economic condition of the then India
- Abu Rihan Mohammad Bin Ahmad is popularly known as Alberuni who was born in 973 AD in the Khiza region and one of the Jewel of Mahmud’s Courts.
- He was a renowned philosopher, a mathematician, and a historian.
- According to the Alberuni, people of the Indian sub-continent were excellent philosophers, good mathematicians, and astronomers.
- He criticized the hypocrisy of Brahmin Scholars because despite explaining the scientific values of ancient text, they preferred to mislead the masses and to keep them steeped in ignorance and superstitious.
- Mohammed Ghori
- Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was the Sultan of the Ghurid Empire along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad from 1173 to 1202 and as the sole ruler from 1202 to 1206.
- Full name: Shihab ad-Din
- Born: 1149, Ghor, Afghanistan
- Muhammad Ghori invaded India in 1175 A.D.
- The brave Rajput chiefs of northern India headed by Prithvi Raj Chauhan defeated him in the First Battle of Terrain in 1191 A.D.
- Allauddin Khalji
- Allauddin Khalji followed the Divine Right Theory of Kingship.
- He introduced four ordinances to prevent repeated revolts.
- He impounded pious grants and free grants of lands
- He restructured the spy system.
- He banned social parties and wine.
- He introduced a permanent standing army.
- He started the system of branding of horses and a descriptive roster of individual soldiers to inhibit corruption.
- He fixed the prices of necessary commodities that were below the normal market rates.
- Mohammad Bin Tughlaq
- In 1325 A.D. Junakhan, the crown prince sworn the title Muhammad-bin-Tughluq.
- Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq stood for the administrative and political unity of India.
- In 1327 A.D., he captured Warangal.
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