(a) Which of the following has higher first ionization enthalpy, N or

1.	(a) Which of the following has higher first ionization enthalpy, N or O? Justify.(b) Which one is bigger, For F ? Why?
Answer» (a) N. This is because in N, three 2p-electrons reside in different atomic orbitals in accordance with Hund’s rule (2p\(\frac{1}{x}\)2p\(\frac{1}{y}\)2p\(\frac{1}{z}\) ) whereas in O, two the four 2pelectrons must occupy the same 2p-orbital resulting in an increased electron-electron repulsion (2p\(\frac{2}{x}\) 2p\(\frac{1}{y}\) 2p\(\frac{1}{z}\)). Consequently, it is easier to remove the fourth 2p-electron from O than it is, to remove one of the three 2p-electrons from N. (b) F (136 pm) is bigger than F (72 pm). An anion is bigger than its parent atom. Addition of one electron in F results in increased repulsion among the electrons and a decrease in effective nuclear charge. Thus, attraction between nucleus and the electrons decreases and hence size increases.

(a) Which of the following has higher first ionization enthalpy, N or O? Justify.(b) Which one is bigger, For F ? Why?

Answer»

(a) N. This is because in N, three 2p-electrons reside in different atomic orbitals in accordance with Hund’s rule (2p\(\frac{1}{x}\)2p\(\frac{1}{y}\)2p\(\frac{1}{z}\) ) whereas in O, two the four 2pelectrons must occupy the same 2p-orbital resulting in an increased electron-electron repulsion (2p\(\frac{2}{x}\) 2p\(\frac{1}{y}\) 2p\(\frac{1}{z}\)). Consequently, it is easier to remove the fourth 2p-electron from O than it is, to remove one of the three 2p-electrons from N.

(b) F (136 pm) is bigger than F (72 pm). An anion is bigger than its parent atom. Addition of one electron in F results in increased repulsion among the electrons and a decrease in effective nuclear charge. Thus, attraction between nucleus and the electrons decreases and hence size increases.

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