(a) Mention the optimum conditions for the industrial manufacture of a

1.	(a) Mention the optimum conditions for the industrial manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process.(b) Explain the following giving appropriate reasons:(i) Sulphur vapour exhibits paramagnetic behaviour.(ii) Red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus.
Answer» (a) Optimum conditions for the industrial manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process. Pressure: 200 bar Temperature: 723–773 K Catalyst: Finely divided iron and molybdenum as promoter. (b) (i) In vapour state sulphur partly exists as S₂ molecule which has two unpaired electrons in the antibonding π* molecular orbitals like O₂ and, hence exhibits paramagnetic behaviour (ii) White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus due to its discrete tetrahedral structure and angular strain. Red phosphorus is less reactive due its polymeric structure.

(a) Mention the optimum conditions for the industrial manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process.(b) Explain the following giving appropriate reasons:(i) Sulphur vapour exhibits paramagnetic behaviour.(ii) Red phosphorus is less reactive than white phosphorus.

Answer»

(a) Optimum conditions for the industrial manufacture of ammonia by Haber’s process.
Pressure: 200 bar
Temperature: 723–773 K

Catalyst: Finely divided iron and molybdenum as promoter.

(b) (i) In vapour state sulphur partly exists as S₂ molecule which has two unpaired electrons in the antibonding π* molecular orbitals like O₂ and, hence exhibits paramagnetic behaviour

(ii) White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus due to its discrete tetrahedral structure and angular strain. Red phosphorus is less reactive due its polymeric structure.

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