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(a) Identify both the cellular component and the location of the component that is responsible for producing the luciferase protein from mRNAs transcribed in the plasmid-containing T lymphocytes. Explain what dictates to the lymphocytes the correct order in which amino acids should be linked to form the luciferase protein. |
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Answer» Genes that provide instructions for proteins are expressed in a two-step process.In transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is "rewritten" using RNA nucleotides. In eukaryotes, the RNA must go through ADDITIONAL processing steps to become a messenger RNA, or mRNA.In translation, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is "translated" into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit).CELLS DECODE mRNAs by reading their nucleotides in groups of three, called codons. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid, or, in some cases, provides a "stop" SIGNAL that ENDS translation. In addition, the codon AUG has a special role, serving as the start codon where translation begins. The complete set of correspondences between codons and amino acids (or stop signals) is known as the genetic code. |
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