1. Eli Whitney invented and patented an automatic Ginning machine which was a simple yet effective way of separating cottonseed from short staple cotton fibre. 

2. Joseph Jacquard invented Jacquard loom. This loom could automatically control the warp and weft threads on a silk loom by ‘recording’ patterns of holes on a string of cards. 

3. Issac Singer invented domestic sewing machine. The sewing machine brought the principle of assembly-line which led eventually to mass production, standardization of sizes and ready-to-wear clothing sold in departmental stores. 

4. Sir Isaac Newton had earlier isolated the principal colours of the spectrum -red, yellow and blue of which the other tones were only mixtures. 

5. Johan Tobias Mayer explained the principles of colour mixing thereby creating new possibilities of colour which provided textile manufacturers with numerous colour combinations. In 1856. 

6. Sir William Perkin invented the first synthetic dye.